TECHME: 2016

Monday, July 18, 2016

Difference Between Programming and Mark-up Language

Difference Between Programming and Mark-up Language

Contents

[1]. Mark-up Languages.………………………………….……….3

[2]. Scripting languages…………….……………...................4

[3]. Programming Languages…….……………………………..5

[4]. Difference Between Programming and Mark-up Language…………………………………………………………………….6

[5]. Conclusion………………………………………………………….7

[6]. References………………………………………………………….8

Mark-up language

Descriptions of how text and other forms of components should appear in a certain context (i.e. HTML, hypertext mark-up language - is the instructions for the context of a web page).

Mark up languages tend to provide structure to data and/or determine how it is displayed.

· HTML- hypertext mark-up language

· Dynamic HTML

· XML-extensible mark-up language

· XHTML- extensible hypertext mark-up language

· CSS

Figure 1 - HTML

Scripting language

Usually use an interpreter or some running application to take programming commands and turn them into instructions to be executed. Scripting languages are programming languages, but they fit into a category called interpreted languages (i.e. Python, Ruby and PHP). We can write full featured applications with scripting languages.

A scripting language is a subset of programming language that is used to produce scripts, which are sets of instructions that automate tasks that would otherwise be performed manually by a human. Of course, these "tasks" are essentially a human giving instructions to a machine.

Figure 2 - Scripting Language

Programming language

A programming language is a language used by humans to give instructions to a machine.

The other main type is compiled programming languages. C, C++, Objective-C, Swift. These take text files, run them through a compiler, and the compiler creates binary instruction files (binaries). These are the lower level languages, they "talk to" the memory and processor and such. I know C and Swift were each wrote in themselves. In other words, C is wrote in the language C. Swift is wrote in Swift.

Programming languages (almost always) need to be compiled before running and instruct the computer to perform tasks/calculations, including how to perform them (although if you're using a high-level language the low level instructions are hidden in the syntax).

· JAVA, C++, COBOL, C++ and VB, C#, etc.

Difference between Programming Language and Mark-up Language

Sometimes the terms programming language and scripting language are used colloquially to describe compiled programming languages and interpreted programming languages, respectively. Compiled programming languages are languages whose instructions are translated (compiled) directly into machine code, whereas interpreted languages are those that require a program known as an interpreter, which interprets instructions in terms of previously compiled machine code.

Mark up languages annotate the content of a document with information on the document's structure or presentation. More recently, the task of annotating documents with information about their presentation has been delegated to style sheet languages, such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Both are related to historical, physical mark up and style sheets as seen in publishing and other fields.

Conclusion

The primary difference between a "programming language" (C, C++, VB etc.) and a "scripting language" (PHP, ASP, JSP, JavaScript, VBScript) is that code written in a programming language needs to be compiled before it is run. Once it is compiled, it can be run any number of times.

Scripting languages, on the other hand, are interpreted at run-time. This means that every time you want to run the program, a separate program needs to read the code, interpret it, and then follow the instructions in the code. Compiled code has already been interpreted into machine language, so it is will typically execute faster because the conversion into machine language has already been done.

Mark-up languages (HTML, XML) are somewhat different from both of the others. A mark-up language is simply a set of tags that are used to " mark-up " text documents so that sections of text can be logically arranged and labelled. These documents can be viewed as plain text, or, more commonly, are viewed through a browser. The browser parses the document, looking for mark-up tags, and it then arranges the text and/or formats it according to the values in the tags.

References

[1]. “The difference between programming and scripting languages” [Online]. Available FTP: http://www.werockyourweb.com

[2]. “What is the difference between programming scripting and mark-up language” [Online]. Available FTP: https://www.quora.com

[3]. [Online] Available FTP: http://www.cplusplus.com

[4]. [Online] Available FTP: https://forum.roblox.com

[5]. Tim Berners-Lee, "Information Management: A Proposal." CERN (March 1989, May 1990). W3.org

[6]. "Tags used in HTML". World Wide Web Consortium. November 3, 1992. Retrieved November 16, 2008.

[7]. "Extensible Markup Language (XML)". W3.org. Retrieved 2014-06-28.

[8]. "TEI Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange". Tei-c.org. Retrieved 2014-06-28.

[9]. An XHTML + MathML + SVG Profile". W3C, August 9, 2002. Retrieved on 17 March 2007.